The most general instance of ActorSlot (q.v.): all other actor slots are specializations of this predicate. Thus actors is a broad relation that holds between a given event and any contemporary existing thing (see SomethingExisting) that is meaningfully involved in the event. (actors EVENT ACTOR) means that ACTOR is somehow saliently (directly or indirectly) involved in EVENT during EVENT. An object's merely being cotemporal (see cotemporal) with an event is obviously not sufficient for being an actor in it, nor is participating (however centrally) in a representation or re-enactment of the event. But note that being an "actor" in the relevant sense is not restricted to things that play "active" (as opposed to passive or instrumental) roles in a given event.
An instance of SpatialPredicate. (behind-Generally AFT FORE) means that AFT is behind FORE. More precisely, a line originating at the center of FORE projecting away from the front side of FORE and parallel to the intrinsic front-to-back axis of FORE forms an angle of less than 45 degrees with a line intersecting both AFT and FORE. Note that AFT may be intangible (e.g., a shadow), although FORE must be tangible.
We use our own slot named between-containers to relate a Portal to two Containers that are on opposite sides of the Portal (the two values can appear in either order). For example, an interior doorway between two rooms of a house would list both rooms as the values of this slot. When a Space Shuttle is docked with a Space Station, this slot would relate the portal between them to those two space vehicles. The two Containers listed in this slot should be at equal levels of nesting within the nested container hierarchy. For example, this slot could also relate the air-lock room of the Space Shuttle to the air-lock room of the Space- Station.
(causalActors EVENT ACTOR) means that ACTOR played a causal role in bringing about EVENT.
An instance of ConnectionPredicate. (connectedTo OBJ1 OBJ2) means that OBJ1 and OBJ2 are (directly or indirectly) physically connected in a way that allows at most only limited types of relative motion between them. A hinged connection, for example, allows limited rotational motion between OBJ1 and OBJ2. In many cases, being connectedTo implicitly involves another object(s); e.g. a door is connectedTo a door frame by a hinge, which is itself connectedTo-Directly (q.v.) both the door and the frame.
Containers can contain contents; or more strictly, containers have a cavity that can contain contents. We will use our own slot named contains (instead of the Cyc slot named in-cont-generic) to relate a Container to the objects of interest that are currently within the Cavity of that Container. (We ignore for now the problem of objects that are only part-way inside a container.)
We use the Cyc slot contains-cavity to relate a Container to the one overall Cavity enclosed by its outer shell. The slot contains-cavity is a sub-slot of physical-decompositions-direct, since it is a top-level region of a container.
We use the Cyc slot contains-portals to relate a Container to each outside Portal in its outer Enclosure (shell). The slot contains-portals is a sub-slot of physical-decompositions-direct, since it is a top-level region of a container.
We use our own slot named encloses to relate an Enclosure to the Cavity it encloses.
We use our own slot named has-enclosure to relate a Container to the outer shell (the Enclosure) that forms the container's Cavity. The slot has- enclosure is a sub-slot of physical-decompositions-direct, since it is a top-level region of a container.
(inFrontOf-Generally FORE AFT) means that FORE is in front of the tangible object AFT. More precisely, the intrinsic back-to-front axis of AFT is within 45 degrees of some line intersecting both FORE and AFT. Note that FORE may be an intangible spatial object, such as an image projected onto a screen.
We use our own slot named intended-covering to relate a Portal to its intended Portal-Covering. Each Portal is normally associated with one or more Portal- Coverings that are intended to cover it. For example, a particular doorway has a particular door (or doors) hinged to it, and a sugar bowl has a particular (but separate) lid that is used with it. (We do not use the Cyc slot portal-has-covering, as that seems to make the covering a physical part of the portal itself.) Some portals have no intended coverings, such as the open top of a coffee cup.
A AbsoluteLocationalPredicate and a specialization of partiallyLocatedAt-Spatial (q.v.) that holds between SpatialThings and Points. (locatedAtPoint-Spatial OBJECT POINT) means that OBJECT is located at POINT. This is a cross-dimensional locational predicate that can be used to indicate when the region occupied by some extended spatial object includes some point. See also incidentInSpaceRegion. Note that locatedAtPoint-Spatial is irreflexive; in order to locate points in space use exactlyLocatedAt-Spatial.
This intentionally-vague predicate relates spatial things that are relatively near each other. (near THIS THAT) means that the distance between THIS and THAT is such that -- given the situation at hand and the sorts of things that THIS and THAT are -- they would be considered near each other by most observers. Note that an object is near itself, anything it touches, and any part of itself. When appropriate, use a more precisely-defined predicate such as nearToDegree, nearRelativeTo, nearForRolesInEventType, nearnessForRolesInEventType, touches-Directly, or physicalParts.
This predicate relates individuals to their (individual) "parts", where this is understood in a very broad sense that includes spatial parts, temporal parts, "conceptual" parts, members of groups, and so forth. (parts WHOLE PART) means that PART is in some sense a part of WHOLE. Note that PART need not be a proper part of WHOLE: parts is a ReflexiveBinaryPredicate. (For representing proper parthood - see properParts.) Important specializations of parts include the predicates physicalParts, subEvents, timeSlices, subInformation, and groupMembers.
An ActorSlot (q.v.) that relates an event to those of its participants that pre-exist it. (preActors EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT is a participant (see actors) in EVENT and that OBJECT exists before EVENT begins. Note that OBJECT also exists during at least part of EVENT (as actors generalizes to temporallyIntersects). preActors is a very general actor-slot, subsuming doneBy, objectActedOn, objectMoving, and many others.
A ConnectionPredicate (q.v.) and thus a specialization of connectedTo (q.v.). (rotationallyConnectedTo OBJ1 OBJ2) means that OBJ1 and OBJ2 are connected in such a way that rotational motion, and only rotational motion, can happen between them. The range of rotational motion possible might be full or partial. Non-rotational movement between two rotationally connected objects can occur only if the connection is broken, deformed, or disassembled. If OBJ1 and OBJ2 do rotate relative to one another, then this may be due to sliding of their surfaces, articulation of some joint part, or deformation of OBJ1 or OBJ2 (so long as that deformation only allows rotation between OBJ1 and OBJ2). Positive examples: Femurs are rotationally connected to hips, doors are rotationally connected to door frames, doorknobs are rotationally connected to doors, and propellers are rotationally connected to airplanes; in computer trackballs the ball is rotationally connected to the housing. Also a book cover is rotationally connected to its binding (but flapHingedTo is even more appropriate for describing such a connection because it is more specific). Negative examples: a planet orbiting a star (they are not connected; cf. MovingInACircle) and a toothpick stuck in a person's leg (although elastic deformation of flesh allows there to be rotational motion between toothpick and leg, it also may allow a small amount of translational motion to occur between them; in-Lodged is more appropriate for describing this case).
A RelativeLocationalPredicate (q.v.) and an EquivalenceRelation. This is indeed the most general of all SpatialPredicates (q.v.), in that it is by design a generalization (via either genlPreds or genlPredsWRTArgs) of every spatial predicate. (spatiallyRelated THING1 THING2) means that THING1 and THING2 are somehow spatially related to each other. This implies that the two things are embedded within the same surrounding space, but does not specify any more particular spatial relation between them. Thus, any two spatial objects located in the empirically-observable universe (see SpatialThing-Localized) are spatiallyRelated to each other. Conversely, two spatial things that are embedded in different spaces (e.g. an object in the physical universe and a geometric figure in an abstract space defined in the context of a geometry problem) are not spatially related.
(toTheLeftOf OBJ1 OBJ2) says that OBJ1 is located to OBJ2's left. Thus the arg2 of toTheLeftOf is restricted to instances of LeftAndRightSidedObject. The arg1 can be any instance of SpatialThing-Localized. Because of this asymmetry in argument restrictions, toTheRightOf is not sufficient for representing all cases in which one object is to the right of another (see toTheRightOf). Note that this predicate cannot be used to state that an object is to the left of another, from the perspective of a third party, except as an argument in a perceivesThat assertion.
(toTheRightOf OBJ1 OBJ2) says that OBJ1 is located to OBJ2's right. Thus the arg2 of toTheRightOf is restricted to instances of LeftAndRightSidedObject. The arg1 can be any instance of SpatialThing-Localized. Because of this asymmetry in argument restrictions, toTheRightOf is not sufficient for representing all cases in which one object is to the left of another (see toTheLeftOf). Note that this predicate cannot be used to state that an object is to the right of another, from the perspective of a third party, except as an argument in a perceivesThat assertion.
(toTheSideOf OBJ1 OBJ2) says that OBJ1 is located to OBJ2's left or right side. Thus the arg2 of toTheSideOf is restricted to instances of LeftAndRightSidedObject. The arg1 can be any instance of SpatialThing-Localized. Because of this asymmetry in argument restrictions, toTheSideOf is not sufficient for representing all cases in which one object is to the right or left of another (see toTheRightOf and toTheLeftOf). Note that this predicate cannot be used to state that an object is to the side of another, from the perspective of a third party, except as an argument in a perceivesThat assertion.
(containerUsed EVENT CONT) means that the objectActedOn in EVENT is contained in (in-ContGeneric) CONT during EVENT, and that CONT facilitates EVENT being accomplished.
A binary predicate that relates a MeasurableQuantitySlot predicate to a CoordinateSystem (qq.v.). (coordinateValuePredicateOfSystem PRED SYS) means that PRED is one of the binary predicates used to describe the location of spatial things in the coordinate system SYS. The first argument of PRED will be restricted (via arg1Isa) to instances of SpatialThing or some specialization thereof, and its arg2Isa will be either Distance or AngularDistance (depending on the kind of coordinate system and the specific role of PRED in the system). In geometry, typically only points have specific coordinate values; the location of a spatially extended object is given by an equation that is satisfied by (all and only) the points spatially subsumed by the object. But here we allow for spatially extended objects to have coordinate values attributed to them directly. So in an assertion of the form (PRED THING VALUE), the SpatialThing THING need not be an instance of Point. In certain contexts we might stipulate, for example, that such an assertion is true if and only if THING subsumes a point POINT such that (PRED POINT VALUE) holds. There are various specializations of coordinateValuePredicateOfSystem currently reified in the Cyc knowledge base, each of which is applicable to one or the other of the two main types of coordinate systems. xAxisPredicateOfSystem, yAxisPredicateOfSystem, and zAxisPredicateOfSystem all apply to CartesianCoordinateSystems. radialDistancePredicate, azimuthAnglePredicate, and altitudeAnglePredicate all apply to PolarCoordinateSystems.
This predicate relates an object to its quantified extensions in space. (extensionParametersOfObject OBJ DIST) means that DIST is a magnitude in which OBJ is extended in some spatial dimension. When making assertions about a particular object use a more specific predicate whenever possible, e.g. heightOfObject, widthOfObject, diameterOfObject.
Used by SRS system to interface with house hold object database.
describe the world model, used to represent the orientation information
The radius of an object with a circular shape.
A PhysicalFeatureBinaryPredicate and BinaryQuantityPredicate for indicating the size of a given spatial thing with respect to some spatial parameter or dimension. (sizeParameterOfObject OBJECT SIZE) means that OBJECT measures SIZE in some (unspecified) parameter, where SIZE is either a Distance (q.v.) or some other sort of SpatialQuantity (q.v.) that is analyzable in terms of distances (e.g. an Area or a Volume). Thus SIZE might be OBJECT's length, width, surface area, volume, or other distance-derived quantity. sizeParameterOfObject is the common generalization of all those PhysicalAmountSlots (q.v.) that relate objects to spatial quantities. As such, it is a general size predicate for expressing (in a parameter-nonspecific way) all sorts of size information about an object or other spatial thing. For parameter-specific size predicates, see the various specializations of sizeParameterOfObject.
(storageLifeInContainerType TYPE DURATION CONTAINER-TYPE) means that, other things being equal, instances of TYPE can be expected to retain their 'intended' capabilities for a period of DURATION when stored in instances of CONTAINER-TYPE.
A specialization of coordinateValuePredicateOfSystem that relates a MeasurableQuantitySlot predicate to a CartesianCoordinateSystem (qq.v.). (xAxisPredicateOfSystem X-PRED SYS) means that X-PRED is the binary predicate used to state x-coordinate values in the Cartesian coordinate system SYS, i.e. Distances from the y-axis (if SYS is 2-D) or from the yz-plane (if SYS is 3-D). Thus, for example, (X-PRED POINT (Meter 5)) would mean that, in SYS, the x-coordinate value of POINT is 5 meters. See also yAxisPredicateOfSystem and zAxisPredicateOfSystem.
A specialization of coordinateValuePredicateOfSystem that relates a MeasurableQuantitySlot predicate to a CartesianCoordinateSystem (qq.v.). (yAxisPredicateOfSystem Y-PRED SYS) means that Y-PRED is the binary predicate used to state y-coordinate values in the Cartesian coordinate system SYS, i.e. Distances from the x-axis (if SYS is 2-D) or from the xz-plane (if SYS is 3-D). Thus, for example, (Y-PRED POINT (Meter 5)) would mean that, in SYS, the y-coordinate value of POINT is 5 meters. See also xAxisPredicateOfSystem and zAxisPredicateOfSystem.
A specialization of coordinateValuePredicateOfSystem that relates a MeasurableQuantitySlot predicate to a CartesianCoordinateSystem (qq.v.). (zAxisPredicateOfSystem Z-PRED SYS) means that Z-PRED is the binary predicate used to state z-coordinate values in the 3-D Cartesian coordinate system SYS, i.e. Distances from the xy-plane. Thus, for example, (Z-PRED POINT (Meter 5)) would mean that, in SYS, the z-coordinate value of POINT is 5 meters. See also xAxisPredicateOfSystem and yAxisPredicateOfSystem.
AngularDistance is a measure of the separation between the rays defined by two points and a fixed center.
A specialization of ScalarInterval. Each instance of Area is an amount of two-dimensional space. Instances of Area may be either a fixed interval, such as the area of a rectangle 5 cm x 10 cm, or a range, such as the area of a city lot.
A specialization of Side. Each instance of BackSide is the entire back side (as conventionally understood) of an object that has distinct sides, one of which faces backwards.
A collection of events and a specialization of StateOfMatterChangeEvent. In each instance of this collection some liquid matter is raised to its boilingPoint and is thereby changed from being in the Liquid-StateOfMatter to being in the Gaseous-StateOfMatter. (Note: this does not cover cases of heat or evacuation causing a solid to sublime directly into a gas.) See also BoilingFood, which is not a specialization of this collection since it is not the food itself which is being boiled but the water in which it is cooking.
Cooking food by immersing it in boiling water.
A specialization of Side. Each instance of BottomSide is the entire bottom side (as conventionally understood) of an object that has distinct sides, one of which faces down.
A specialization of CoordinateSystem. Each instance of CartesianCoordinateSystem is based on two or three perpendicular axes (see Line-Straight) that intersect at a point, called the origin. Two axes are used for coordinating a two-dimensional space; three axes are used for coordinating a three-dimensional space. Any point in the space coordinated by the system can be specified by a pair (or triple) of Distances, representing distances from the origin along each of the two (or three) axes. More precisely, the axes of a given Cartesian coordinate system are respectively designated its x-axis, its y-axis, and (if it has one) its z-axis. The x-coordinate of a given Point measures its least distance from the y-axis (in a 2D system) or from the Plane defined by the y and z axes (in a 3D system). And similarly for the y-coordinate and (if it has one) the z-coordinate of the point. Given a particular Cartesian coordinate system, binary predicates for giving a point's x-, y-, and z-coordinates can be defined using the meta-predicates xAxisPredicateOfSystem, yAxisPredicateOfSystem, and zAxisPredicateOfSystem, respectively. Cf. PolarCoordinateSystem.
A specialization of SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of Connection-Physical is a group consisting of parts of at least two instances of PartiallyTangible that are in physical contact and which are connected in way such that they resist spatial separation. Examples include the connection between a table leg and a tabletop, two pieces of metal welded together, and a hinge joining a CD case cover to its backing (the last would be an instance of the more specialized collection Joint-Physical). While each Connection-Physical is an instance of SolidTangibleThing, and therefore has a determinate spatial boundary, there are many cases in which there are no easily describable boundaries between the parts of connected objects that are parts of the connection, and those which are not. For example, consider a connection between a table and one of its legs. If the leg is merely glued to the bottom surface of the table top, the exact spatial boundaries of the connection bewteen the parts is not clear. In contrast, the connection between a sewing needle and a thread attached by a knot to its eye is more clearly defined, because the boundaries of their connected parts are more easily determined. The group consisting of the knot and the eye of the needle determine the spatial extent of the connection.
ControlDevice is a specialization of ControlStructure-Physical and PhysicalDevice. Each instance of ControlDevice is a device whose primaryFunction is to control the behavior/functioning/properties of another thing (usually another instance of PhysicalDevice). Obvious instances of ControlDevice include: the remote control for one's TV (an instance of RemoteControlDevice), the brake pedal on one's car (an instance of Pedal-ControlDevice), the light switch on one's bedroom wall (an instance of ElectricalSwitch); a less obvious instance of ControlDevice is HooverDam (an instance of Dam).
The collection of generic knobs which are turned with one's fingers to control devices.
This is the subcollection of actions of ControllingSomething in which the objectControlled is a PhysicalDevice.
A specialization of PurposefulPhysicalAction (q.v.). Each instance of ControllingSomething is a purposeful physical action in which an agent intentionally controls an object (i.e. instance of SomethingExisting). It is not necessary that the agent touch the object being controlled (see objectControlled), only that s/he exercise control over some of its movements, functioning, or actions. Specializations of ControllingSomething include GuidingAMovingObject (some instances of which involve a RemoteControlDevice), HandlingAnObject, Braking, SteeringADeviceByHand, PlayingAMusicalInstrument, CuttingFabric, CarryingWhileLocomoting, and FlushingAToilet. When a ControlDevice (q.v.) is being used by an agent for its primary function, a ControllingSomething event is typically taking place.
A specialization of TemperatureChangingProcess. Each instance of CoolingProcess is an event in which the temperature of some object (related to the instance of CoolingProcess by objectOfStateChange) is lowered.
A specialization of FrameOfReference (q.v.). This is the collection of systems with respect to which the locations of SpatialThings can be specified. Each CoordinateSystem has an associated suite of coordinate value predicates (see coordinateValuePredicateOfSystem and its specializations), which assign coordinates to spatial things. The two most common types of coordinate systems are CartesianCoordinateSystems and PolarCoordinateSystems (qq.v.). The GeodeticCoordinateSystem is an example of the latter; it has two coordinate value predicates, latitude and longitude, both of which assign AngularDistances to spatial things.
The collection of devices designed to wash dishes.
A specialization of PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of Distance is the length of a path in space extending from one point to another. In some contexts, for example in the argument 2 position of altitudeAboveSeaLevel, an instance of Distance will include directional information. In these contexts, instances can take on positive or negative values. In other contexts, directional information will not matter, and instances of Distance will only take on non-negative values. See the specialization Distance-Absolute for measures of distance that necessarily do not include directional information, and thus are always non-negative. An instance of Distance may be either a fixed interval, such as the height of the WashingtonMonumentInWashingtonDC or the altitude of the DeadSea, or a range, such as WithinAudibleDistance (see ScalarInterval for more explanation). See UnitOfDistance for the units used by Cyc to measure distances.
A specialization of PortalCovering. Each instance of DoorwayCovering is a physical object used to cover some kind of portal, including but not limited to doorways in buildings. This collection also includes doors of cars, buses, subways, elevators, garages, airplane hangars -- coverings over any doors that people (and perhaps vehicles) pass through.
Tables found in knowrobs, restaurants, bars, etc, at which people eat or drink.
The collection of individual edible fruits, often eaten whole by people or used in cooking. Note that this is the common-sense notion of fruit, so tomatoes, olives, legumes are NOT EdibleFruit. See also Fruit.
The collection of all PhysicalDevices which control the flow of fluid. Some subsets of this collection, like Dam, may mainly obstruct flow, but are also used to produce an outflow that is somewhat independent to the inflow to the #$Reservoir. A Stopper, although it can be used to halt exiting flow (by its insertion) and later can allow the flow again (by its removal) is not an example of a FlowControlDevice because it does not regulate the flow, but merely blocks it upon being positioned by something external to the Stopper.
An instance of ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of FoodOrDrink. Each instance of Food is a particular portion of food of a type which can be, and habitually is, eaten by humans or other animals. Here the notion of _eating_ is important; eating an instance of Food will generally require biting or chewing, but if placed into the mouth (e.g. with a utensil) in a manner not considered to be drinking, it is still considered eating. Thus, edible stuff normally taken in via drinking, inhalation, or osmosis is excluded from this collection. A borderline example is a bowl of bouillon, which, although it can be drunk from the bowl is normally ``eaten'' with a spoon; a borderline non-example is a very thick milkshake, which may be eaten with a spoon, but is normally drunk (possibly using a straw) from a glass. Instances of Food provide calories and/or nutrients that humans or animals need.
A specialization of PhysicalDevice. Each instance of FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice is a device designed to be used in the preparation of food or drink. Specializations of FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice include CoffeeMaker, SpiceMill, and ElectricalToaster.
A specialization of MathematicalObject. Each instance of FrameOfReference is a mathematical (and hence intangible) representation of the context in which certain data are to be interpreted. Such contexts are typically physical, but may be purely mathematical. For example, a CartesianCoordinateSystem can be used to represent the positions of things on the surface of the Eath, but can also be used to represent an abstract gepometric space.
The collection of all the entire front sides (as conventionally understood) of all objects that have distinct Sides, one of which faces in the frontwards direction.
The collection of front walls of objects
A specialization of DurableGoods, HumanOccupationConstructObject, and #$SolidTangibleProduct. Each instance of FurniturePiece is a durable artifact of a type that is typically used in human dwellings (see HumanShelterConstruction) to make them more comfortable. Many useful specializations of this collection can be classified according to the main function their instances serve. Such functions include: (i) providing support for people's bodies while they are seated or reclining (e.g. Bed-PieceOfFurniture and FootStool), (ii) providing work or activity surfaces (e.g. Desk-PieceOfFurniture and DiningRoomTable), (iii) providing organized or protective storage for one's belongings (e.g. Dresser-PieceOfFurniture and #$Bookcase-PieceOfFurniture), and (iv) providing illumination (e.g. ElectricLamp). Most pieces of furniture are NonPoweredDevices (q.v.) in that they don't need any energy input in order to serve their function; but of course there are plenty of exceptions to this, such as electric lamps, console TVs, and hospital beds. Note that FurniturePiece only includes _whole_ pieces of furniture; e.g. a sofa is an instance, but an arm of a sofa is not.
A collection of devices. Each instance of Handle is a part (it might be a detachable part, it might be a specially shaped region of a thing) of another object, of which it is the handle. Each instance of Handle is a physical device which is designed to be grasped with the human hand in such a way that the grasper can more easily control his or her orientation to the object that the handle is attached to. In most cases, handles are intended to help in manipulating the object, by allowing the user to move the object in a more controlled way than s/he could without the handle. Handles are found on cookware, suitcases, crutches, doors, hand-held and hand-powered tools -- in fact, on most artifacts that humans need to manipulate frequently and which are bigger and heavier than a dinner plate or a book. In other, less common cases, handles are provided on objects (a) to facilitate moving oneself around the object (rather than vice versa), e.g., handles on a pommel horse or other exercise equipment, or on a ladder, in a spacecraft, or pounded into a rock face; or (b) for holding oneself stationary with respect to some moving object, e.g., handles inside a subway car. Note that handles are sometimes used to perform other functions, such as hanging one's dry cleaning from the little handle above the rear door of a passenger car.
A specialization of HandlingAnObject. Each instance of HandlingADevice is an event in which a device is manipulated (with the operator holding and touching the device) so that it can be used for its primaryFunction. Specializations of HandlingADevice include Pruning, PlayingAMusicalInstrument, OperatingAHouseholdAppliance, PumpingGasEvent, and WritingByHand.
HeatingElement that is activated and emits heat
A specialization of PoweredDevice. Each instance of HeatingDevice is a device whose primary function (see the predicate primaryFunction) is to generate heat to raise the temperature of something else. The thing being heated might be in gaseous form (for example, the air in a room), in liquid form (for example, the water in a pool), or in solid form (for example, food in an oven). A given instance of HeatingDevice typically has some energy input, some way of converting that energy to heat, and some way of delivering the heat to the object(s) to be heated.
A collection of focussed heat producing devices. An instance of HeatingElement may be a heating coil, stove top burner, Bunsen burner, etc. Heating elements are among the physicalParts of many kinds of heating devices, such as Ovens, heaters, toasters, CoffeeMakers, etc.
A specialization of TemperatureChangingProcess. During each HeatingProcess event, the temperature of the objectOfStateChange is increased by applying heat to the object. Any instance of IntrinsicStateChangeEvent in which an object temperature is increased is also an instance of this collection.
A specialization of Distance. Height is the collection of all distances that are heights of objects (see heightOfObject). Each instance of Height is the distance from some object's bottom boundary to its top boundary.
Action of an agent in which an object or chunk of stuff comes to include, or acquire, or be joined to another object or chunk of stuff." (Cyc Incorporation-Physical)
A specialization of Event-Localized. Each instance of IntrinsicStateChangeEvent is an event characterized primarily by a change in some intrinsic property of at least one main actor involved in the event. Such intrinsic changes may include changes of a thing's color, temperature, device state, or size. Events where the main change is extrinsic (such as a change in location or ownership) are not instances of IntrinsicStateChangeEvent. In events which have more than one actor, the event may be an IntrinsicStateChangeEvent for one actor but not for another. For example, in a FasteningSafetyBelt event, the SafetySeatBelt (the device used) goes from unconnected to connected (to itself), which is an intrinsic change; however, the agent who does the fastening does not change intrinsically, but only in his configuration to the belt, an external object. Another example: in a HairCuttingEvent, the hair that is cut undergoes an IntrinsicStateChangeEvent due to its role in that kind of event, but the barber undergoes no intrinsic change due to the hair cutting. Note that some events, such as an ice cube melting into a small puddle of water, could be represented either as an IntrinsicStateChangeEvent or as a PhysicalTransformationEvent, but not (within a single micro-theory) as both.
A specialization of Connection-Physical. Each instance of Joint-Physical is a group consisting of parts of at least two instances of PartiallyTangible that are mechanically connected in the manner of a joint. Examples include an elbow, and a hinge joining a door to a frame. While each Joint-Physical is an instance of PartiallyTangible, and therefore has a determinate spatial boundary, there are many cases in which there are no easily describable boundaries between the parts of joint-connected objects that are parts of the joint, and those which are not. For example, consider a ball and socket joint connecting some hip bone to a femur. The boundaries of this joint are obscure due to the fact that exact boundaries of the socket portion of the hip and the ball of the femur are obscure. In contrast, the spatial boundaries of a joint comprising a detachable hinge, such as those that typically connect a door to frame, are clear.
A specialization of Side. Each instance of this collection is the left side (as conventially understood) of an object. See also objectLeftSide and LeftAndRightSidedObject.
A specialization of PhysicalQuantity. Instances of Mass may be either a fixed interval, such as two kilograms, or a range, such as a legal load for a certain type of trailer. The more mass an object has, the greater is the force required to accelerate it.
An instance of AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType and a specialization of PhysicalQuantity. This is just the collectionUnion of Mass and #$Quantity-Spatial.
A specialization of Quantity (q.v.). This is the collection of quantities that have a numeric component and could actually be used to measure something, as opposed to (say) merely ranking it on a scale. Arithmetic operations (such as addition and multiplication) can be performed on measurable quantities, as they can on purely numeric scalars (see NumericInterval). Specializations of MeasurableQuantity include Distance, Temperature, Mass, and Time-Quantity. Other, broader specializations are OneDimensionalQuantity, TwoDimensionalQuantity, and ThreeDimensionalQuantity. Any quantity (that at least in principle could be) returned by a UnitOfMeasure (q.v.) function is a measurable quantity. In CycL, particular measurable quantities are usually represented as the result of applying a unit-of-measure function to a real number or pair of reals. For example, (Meter 5) is the distance 5 meters. For predicates that relate things to measurable quantities that characterize them, see MeasurableQuantitySlot.
The collection of appliances that cook food by using electromagnetic waves. Microwave ovens can generally cook or heat up food very quickly.
A specialization of CookingFood: a collection of events in which a MicrowaveOven is used to heat food (or drink).
two or more substances are combined to form a Mixture
The collection of situations corresponding to the operation of household appliances. This should be the genls for all the situation types dealing with the operating of the different household appliances.
A specialization of both Path-Generic and EnduringThing-Localized (qq.v.). Each instance of Path-Spatial is a path that has spatial extent, and that joins spatially located things. So instances of Path-Spatial include roads, corridors, wires, blood vessels, and nerves; however, purely abstract paths, such as those in kinship diagrams and mathematics, are _not_ instances of Path-Spatial. Instances of Path-Spatial may be pre-existing paths in a CustomarySystemOfLinks (q.v.) or they may be paths in some specially specified PathSystem (q.v.) consisting of spatial paths.
A specialization of both Point and SpaceRegion-Empirical (qq.v.). Each instance of Point-Empirical is a zero-dimensional object that belongs to, and thus has a fixed location in, the embedding space of the empirical universe (see #$TheSpatialUniverse-Empirical). Examples include the location of the center of mass of the Milky Way galaxy at the beginning of the 20th Century. Note that empirical space points are embedded in time; if time is not a significant parameter (i.e. if in an atemporal or temporally agnostic context) consider using Point instead.
A Container has zero or more Portals, which are the outside openings in the container's Enclosure. For example, the nearly flat circular opening across the mouth of the cup is its Portal, and the exterior doors and windows to a house (plus chimney openings, etc.) are its Portals. Stand- alone walls and other partitions can have portals too, even when no container is involved. The hole through a doughnut is also a Portal.
A specialization of SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of PortalCovering is a solid tangible object that covers a portal. Instances of PortalCovering may be either flexible or rigid, and they may be either fixed in place or removable. Examples include windows (in buildings or automobiles), doors, shutters, screens, draperies, window blinds, convertible tops, lids, and corks.
A specialization of both Action and AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. Each instance of PurposefulAction is an action consciously, volitionally, and purposefully done by (see performedBy) at least one actor.
The collection of electrical devices whose purpose is to maintain something at a lower temperature than the surroundings through refrigeration (usually through the compression/decompression of a gas).
The collection of devices used for cold storage, for example, knowrob refrigerators used for keeping food cold.
Controlling the flow of a fluid by using a tap to either open or close a portal in the container which holds that fluid.
RIFD sensor did not detect an object any more (i.e. it has probably been removed)
RFID sensor starts to detect an object (i.e. it has pobably been put down in the range of the sensor)
A specialization of Side. Each instance of this collection is the right side (as conventionally understood) of an object. See also objectRightSide and LeftAndRightSidedObject.
This refers to any shelf that may be on the wall in a room, or part of a piece of furniture or appliance.
A specialization of SurfaceRegion-Tangible. Each instance of Side is a surface of some partially tangible object, and serves as a boundary between the inside and outside of that object.
The container found in knowrobs, bathrooms, utility rooms etc which holds water, dishes, etc.. The Sink is the whole of which the basin, faucets, etc, are a part.
A piece of furniture used for seating that can hold more than one person comfortably; usually padded and fully upholstered [covered with fabric].
A spoon with a larger-than-normal basin, used for eating soup.
A specialization of SpaceRegion-Empirical and SpaceChunk (qq.v.). Each instance of SpaceChunk-Empirical is a three-dimensional portion of the intangible space of the empirical universe (see #$TheSpatialUniverse-Empirical). This is the kind of space that physical objects occupy.
A specialization of SpaceRegion, SpatialThing-Localized, and IntangibleExistingThing (qq.v.). Instances of SpaceRegion-Empirical are intangible regions of space located in the empirically observable universe. A space region might or might not be connected (see SpatiallyContinuousThing). It might be partially or completely filled with (occupied by) PartiallyTangibles, or it might be completely empty (but cf. FreeSpaceRegion). In any case, the space region itself is not to be confused with a physical object or other spatially localized (non-space-region) thing that might happen to be cospatial with it. A given space region can be characterized fully merely by specifying its location and dimensions. Thus (although this is not the case with spatial things in general), space regions are identical (equals) if and only if they are cospatial. SpaceRegion-Empirical is in a way the spatial analogue of TimeInterval, whose own instances can be fully characterized by specifying their temporal properties; these two collections can be used, respectively, to talk about space and time as "dimensions". Specializations of SpaceRegion-Empirical include Point-Empirical, LineSegment-Empirical, Surface-Empirical, and SpaceChunk-Empirical.
A specialization of Individual. The collection of all things that have a spatial extent or location relative to some other SpatialThing or in some embedding space. Note that to say that an entity is a member of this collection is to remain agnostic about two issues. First, a SpatialThing may be PartiallyTangible (e.g. Texas-State) or wholly Intangible (e.g. ArcticCircle or a line mentioned in a geometric theorem). Second, although we do insist on location relative to another spatial thing or in some embedding space, a SpatialThing might or might not be located in the actual physical universe. It is far from clear that all SpatialThings are so located: an ideal platonic circle or a trajectory through the phase space of some physical system (e.g.) might not be. If the intent is to imply location in the empirically observable cosmos, the user should employ this collection's specialization, SpatialThing-Localized.
A specialization of both SpatialThing and TemporalThing. This is the collection of all spatial things, tangible or intangible, that can meaningfully be said to have location or position in the empirical universe. Examples of spatially-localized things include all PartiallyTangible things, such as trees and ships, as well as certain Intangible spatial things, like the EarthsEquator. Also included are those events that can be pinned-down to specific places (see Event-Localized), and thus all PhysicalEvents. Excluded from this collection are any SpatialThings that are not localized, such as -- arguably -- purely abstract geometrical figures (e.g. a Platonic sphere). Note that a fictional or imaginary object (such as Frodo, Captain Queeg, or HAL9000-TheComputer) is typically localized with respect to the universe of the fictional/imagnary context in which it is found, and so is an instance of SpatialThing-Localized with respect to that context.
StateOfMatterChangeEvent is the collection of events in which some piece of matter changes from one of the physical states of matter to another. Such changes of state can be induced by changes in temperature (or the equivalent in the manipulation of kinetic energy). Each particular instance of Boiling, Freezing, Evaporating, Condensing, Melting, etc. is an instance of StateOfMatterChangeEvent. Note: Most Cyc microtheories distinguish four states of matter, namely, Solid-StateOfMatter, Plasma-StateOfMatter, Liquid-StateOfMatter, Gaseous-StateOfMatter. See MatterTypeByPhysicalState and its individual state constants.
The collection of built-in storage areas in a structure
The part of a CookingRange (cf) that has the burners and is used for frying & boiling in pots & pans. Often called 'Stove' in english..
A container that maximizes volume rather than heated surface, used to hold food for cooking over a fire or stove.
A specialization of Surface and SpaceRegion-Empirical (qq.v.). Each instance of Surface-Empirical is a two-dimensional, continuous portion of #$TheSpatialUniverse-Empirical (q.v.). Note that a physical object, being three-dimensional, can only be partially located at a Surface-Empirical. An empirical space surface might intersect the space occupied by a physical object, but is never cospatial with it. (Cf. SpaceChunk-Empirical.) The only objects properly localizable at instances of Surface-Empirical are intangible objects of two or less dimensions. For example, the intangible surface that delimits (a) the space occupied by a table and (b) the space above the top surface of the table is an empirical space-surface.
A specialization of SurfaceRegion and PartiallyTangible. This is the collection of all physical (and thus technically three-dimensional) surfaces, i.e. tangible surfaces of tangible objects. Each instance of SurfaceRegion-Tangible has a (non-zero) thickness that is much less than its average length or width. A tangible surface region might have holes, tears, or be unconnected and in multiple pieces; it might be flat, curved, or crumpled. Examples include the skin of an apple and the top side of a tabletop. Cf. Surface, whose instances are two-dimensional, intangible regions of space.
A piece of furniture usually made entirely of rigid material, used to support objects.
A device through which fluid can flow and which can control the flow of liquid through itself. Found on sinks, bathtubs, kegs of beer, etc.
The tap or faucet apparatus found on sinks, bathtubs, etc.
A specialization of IntrinsicStateChangeEvent. In each instance of TemperatureChangingProcess, the temperature of some object is changed. Specializations of TemperatureChangingProcess include the collections CookingFood and Freezing.
A small electric oevn that can be used to toast bread, heat up leftovers, etc.
The collection of all the entire top sides (as conventionally understood) of all objects that have distinct Sides, one of which faces up.
A collection of top walls, not the same as TopSurface which is the outer surface.
The collection of events in which a tap is closed and water can no longer flow through it.
The collection of events in which a tap is opened and water is permitted to flow through it.
A specialization of StateOfMatterChangeEvent. Each instance of Vaporization is an event in which a liquid or solid transforms into its gaseous state. Important specializations include Aerosolizing, Evaporating, and Boiling. The latter two rely on heat to catalyze the reaction, and the former uses pressure.
A DerivedMeasurableQuantityType and a specialization of CubicQuantity (q.v.). Each instance of Volume is an amount of three-dimensional space; it might be either a specific amount (such as the volume of a five-gallon aquarium) or a range of amounts (such as PlanetSized).
Turning dirty dishes into clean dishes, by using a dishwasher to wash, rinse, and sometimes dry them.
Each instance of Whey is some amount of the watery liquid that separates from the solid part of milk when it turns sour or when enzymes are added in cheesemaking.
A specialization of Distance. Width is the collection of all distances that are widths of objects (see widthOfObject). Each instance of Width is the Distance across an object from one of its side boundaries to its opposite side boundary.