The following code shows a declaration of a simple menu bar to be used with gnome_app_fill_menu() or similar. The menu hierarchy looks like this:

static GnomeUIInfo file_menu_items[] = {
  { GNOME_APP_UI_ITEM, "_Open", "Open a file",
    open_callback, NULL, NULL, GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_STOCK, GTK_STOCK_OPEN,
    'o', GDK_CONTROL_MASK, NULL },
  { GNOME_APP_UI_SEPARATOR },
  { GNOME_APP_UI_ITEM, "E_xit", "Exit the program",
    exit_callback, NULL, NULL, GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_STOCK, GTK_STOCK_QUIT,
    'q', GDK_CONTROL_MASK, NULL},
  { GNOME_APP_UI_ENDOFINFO }
};

static GnomeUIInfo view_radio_items[] = {
  { GNOME_APP_UI_ITEM, "_High Quality", "Display images in high quality, slow mode",
    high_quality_callback, NULL, NULL, GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_FILENAME, "high-quality.png",
    0, 0, NULL },
  { GNOME_APP_UI_ITEM, "_Normal Quality", "Display images in normal quality",
    normal_quality_callback, NULL, NULL, GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_FILENAME, "normal-quality.png",
    0, 0, NULL },
  { GNOME_APP_UI_ITEM, "_Low Quality", "Display images in low quality, fast mode",
    low_quality_callback, NULL, NULL, GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_FILENAME, "low-quality.png",
    0, 0, NULL },
  { GNOME_APP_UI_ENDOFINFO }
};

static GnomeUIInfo view_menu_items[] = {
  { GNOME_APP_UI_ITEM, "Zoom _In", "Zoom into the image",
    zoom_in_callback, NULL, NULL, GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_STOCK, GTK_STOCK_ZOOM_IN,
    GDK_PLUS, 0, NULL },
  { GNOME_APP_UI_ITEM, "Zoom _Out", "Zoom away from the image",
    zoom_out_callback, NULL, NULL, GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_STOCK, GTK_STOCK_ZOOM_OUT,
    GDK_MINUS, 0, NULL },
  { GNOME_APP_UI_SEPARATOR },
  { GNOME_APP_UI_TOGGLEITEM, "_Full Screen", "Switch between full screen and windowed mode",
    full_screen_callback, NULL, NULL, GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_NONE, NULL,
    GDK_F11, 0, NULL },
  { GNOME_APP_UI_SEPARATOR },
  { GNOME_APP_UI_RADIOITEMS, NULL, NULL, view_radio_items },
  { GNOME_APP_UI_ENDOFINFO }
};

static GnomeUIInfo menubar[] = {
  { GNOME_APP_UI_SUBTREE, "_File", NULL, file_menu_items },
  { GNOME_APP_UI_SUBTREE, "_View", NULL, view_menu_items },
  { GNOME_APP_UI_ENDOFINFO }
}
      

The following code is the set of actions that are present in the previous example. Note that the toggle and radio entries are separate from normal actions. Also, note that GtkActionEntry structures take key names in the format of gdk_accelerator_parse() rather than key values plus modifiers; you will have to convert these values by hand. For example, GDK_F11 with no modifiers is equivalent to a key name of "F11". Likewise, "o" with GDK_CONTROL_MASK is equivalent to "<ontrol>O".

/* Normal items */
static const GtkActionEntry entries[] = {
  { "FileMenu", NULL, "_File" },
  { "ViewMenu", NULL, "_View" },
  { "Open", GTK_STOCK_OPEN, "_Open", "<control>O", "Open a file", open_action_callback },
  { "Exit", GTK_STOCK_QUIT, "E_xit", "<control>Q", "Exit the program", exit_action_callback },
  { "ZoomIn", GTK_STOCK_ZOOM_IN, "Zoom _In", "plus", "Zoom into the image", zoom_in_action_callback },
  { "ZoomOut", GTK_STOCK_ZOOM_OUT, "Zoom _Out", "minus", "Zoom away from the image", zoom_out_action_callback },
};

/* Toggle items */
static const GtkToggleActionEntry toggle_entries[] = {
  { "FullScreen", NULL, "_Full Screen", "F11", "Switch between full screen and windowed mode", full_screen_action_callback, FALSE }
};

/* Radio items */
static const GtkRadioActionEntry radio_entries[] = {
  { "HighQuality", "my-stock-high-quality", "_High Quality", NULL, "Display images in high quality, slow mode", 0 },
  { "NormalQuality", "my-stock-normal-quality", "_Normal Quality", NULL, "Display images in normal quality", 1 },
  { "LowQuality", "my-stock-low-quality", "_Low Quality", NULL, "Display images in low quality, fast mode", 2 }
};
      

After extracting the actions, you will need to create an XML description of the actual layout of your menus and toolbars for use with GtkUIManager. The following code shows a simple menu bar that corresponds to the previous example. Note that the File and View menus have their names specified in the action entries, not in the XML itself. This is because the XML description only contains identifiers for the items in the GUI, rather than human-readable names.

static const char *ui_description =
"<ui>"
"  <menubar name='MainMenu'>"
"    <menu action='FileMenu'>"
"      <menuitem action='Open'/>"
"      <menuitem action='Exit'/>"
"    </menu>"
"    <menu action='ViewMenu'>"
"      <menuitem action='ZoomIn'/>"
"      <menuitem action='ZoomOut'/>"
"      <separator/>"
"      <menuitem action='FullScreen'/>"
"      <separator/>"
"      <menuitem action='HighQuality'/>"
"      <menuitem action='NormalQuality'/>"
"      <menuitem action='LowQuality'/>"
"    </menu>"
"  </menubar>"
"</ui>";
      

In this last example, we will create a GtkActionGroup based on the action entries we created above. We will then create a GtkUIManager with the XML description of the menu layout. We will also extract the accelerator group and the widgets from the GtkUIManager put them into a window.

GtkWidget *window;
GtkWidget *vbox;
GtkWidget *menubar;
GtkActionGroup *action_group;
GtkUIManager *ui_manager;
GtkAccelGroup *accel_group;
GError *error;

register_my_stock_icons ();

window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);

vbox = gtk_vbox_new (FALSE, 0);
gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), vbox);

action_group = gtk_action_group_new ("MenuActions");
gtk_action_group_add_actions (action_group, entries, G_N_ELEMENTS (entries), window);
gtk_action_group_add_toggle_actions (action_group, toggle_entries, G_N_ELEMENTS (toggle_entries), window);
gtk_action_group_add_radio_actions (action_group, radio_entries, G_N_ELEMENTS (radio_entries), 0, radio_action_callback, window);

ui_manager = gtk_ui_manager_new ();
gtk_ui_manager_insert_action_group (ui_manager, action_group, 0);

accel_group = gtk_ui_manager_get_accel_group (ui_manager);
gtk_window_add_accel_group (GTK_WINDOW (window), accel_group);

error = NULL;
if (!gtk_ui_manager_add_ui_from_string (ui_manager, ui_description, -1, &error))
  {
    g_message ("building menus failed: %s", error->message);
    g_error_free (error);
    exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

menubar = gtk_ui_manager_get_widget (ui_manager, "/MainMenu");
gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (vbox), menubar, FALSE, FALSE, 0);

gtk_widget_show_all (window);
      

Here we show how the register_my_stock_icons() function used in the previous example could look like.

static struct { 
  gchar *filename;
  gchar *stock_id;
} stock_icons[] = {
  { "high-quality.png", "my-stock-high-quality" },
  { "normal-quality.png", "my-stock-normal-quality" },
  { "low-quality.png", "my-stock-low-quality" },
};
 
static gint n_stock_icons = G_N_ELEMENTS (stock_icons);

static void
register_my_stock_icons (void)
{
   GtkIconFactory *icon_factory;
   GtkIconSet *icon_set; 
   GtkIconSource *icon_source;
   gint i;

   icon_factory = gtk_icon_factory_new ();
   
   for (i = 0; i < n_stock_icons; i++) 
    {
      icon_set = gtk_icon_set_new ();
      icon_source = gtk_icon_source_new ();
      gtk_icon_source_set_filename (icon_source, stock_icons[i].filename);
      gtk_icon_set_add_source (icon_set, icon_source);
      gtk_icon_source_free (icon_source);
      gtk_icon_factory_add (icon_factory, stock_icons[i].stock_id, icon_set);
      gtk_icon_set_unref (icon_set);
    }

   gtk_icon_factory_add_default (icon_factory); 

   g_object_unref (icon_factory);
}